Definition: A probing question is a follow-up question that digs deeper to uncover more information after an initial answer. It usually comes after an open or closed question and pushes towards the root of a problem or the reasoning behind a decision.
So what? First answers are often general. Probing questions help testers move from a broad description to the specific detail they need to understand a bug, a risk or a requirement.
Examples: Following "Tell me about an interesting bug you found" with "How was this resolved?" Following a refused offer with "Why do you feel unhappy with that figure?"