Coupling

Coupling image
Coupling describes how much one module or component depends on another. Low coupling means that modules can work independently with minimal knowledge of each other. High coupling creates tight links where changes in one part can easily break another. 

For example, if a payment service directly relies on the internal structure of the order system, even small changes in that structure could cause failures.

Reducing coupling helps in creating flexible and reliable systems. It allows testers to isolate and verify individual modules without needing the entire system to be in place, which makes testing more efficient.
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